A grand jury is a group of citizens convened to review evidence presented by a prosecutor and determine whether there is sufficient probable cause to formally charge a person with a crime. Grand juries are used primarily in federal cases and in some state felony cases.
How a Grand Jury Differs from a Trial Jury
A grand jury does not determine guilt or innocence — it only decides whether charges should be filed. Grand jury proceedings are secret, meaning the defendant and their attorney are typically not present. The standard of proof is much lower than at trial — only probable cause is required, not proof beyond a reasonable doubt.
The Indictment
If the grand jury finds sufficient evidence, it issues an indictment — a formal document charging the defendant with a crime. In federal court, felony charges must be brought by indictment under the Fifth Amendment.
Receiving a target letter means you are under grand jury investigation. Contact an attorney immediately — before the indictment is issued.
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